The evolution of artificial intelligence can be observed through these key phases.
Programmed Intelligence.
During AI’s initial development , traced back to the mid-1900s, we focused on creating programmed intelligence systems. These rule-based AI systems functioned by following a strict set of instructions and expert-determined guidelines, enabling them to handle intricate tasks. However, their capacity to adapt was non-existent, and their functionality was limited to the pre-established guidelines.
Data-Informed Learning.
Now, we find ourselves within the era of Data-Informed Learning or Machine Learning (ML) . These AI models can identify patterns within data, make predictions, and execute decisions, all without explicit programming. They are designed to learn in various ways: supervised learning leverages labelled data, unsupervised learning handles unlabeled data, and reinforcement learning uses feedback from prior actions to adapt.
Advanced Pattern Recognition.
Deep Learning , a specialised sector of machine learning, utilises multi-layered neural networks , hence the term “deep”. These advanced AI models can learn from unstructured data types like images and text. They have propelled AI’s most recent advancements, particularly in image and speech recognition, as well as natural language processing.
Autonomous Intellectual Capability.
Looking forward, there is the theoretical stage of Autonomous Intellectual Capability, or Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) . AGI would possess the capability to understand, learn, and apply its intelligence to any cognitive task that a human can perform. It would exhibit high levels of autonomy and could potentially outperform humans in most economically valuable jobs.
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Hyperintelligence.
This stage extends beyond AGI into the realm of Hyperintelligence or H.I. or Superintelligence . At this level, AI would tremendously exceed human intelligence in every domain. This concept involves the possibility of recursive self-improvement, where the AI could continually improve itself, leading to a swift emergence of superintelligence.
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